The first coming of Christ took place at a unique time of Jewish history. As a nation chosen by God, the Jewish people had inherited many promises, including that of a Messiah that would serve as savior and king. Over the course of history, Israel had been divided and subjugated under Roman rule. Ultimately, there are 5 important lessons from the historical context of Luke: 1) God is active in human events; 2) the events leading up to Christ are evidence of God; 3) a gospel is a biography of God; 4) God works in unexpected ways; and 5) we can rely on what God has told us in the past.
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